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North America 
yind Africa 

Their Past. Present 
jind Future 

AND KILY TO THE, 
NEGRO PROBLEM 




By 



Dr. John F. Foard, Statesyille, N.C. 



THIRD EDITION 



NORTH AMERICA 
yi n d AFRICA 

Their Past, Present 
and Future 

AND KEY TO THE, 
NEGRO PROBLEM 



price: 

Single Copy, - - - $ .25 

Five Copies, - - - - i.oo 

Thirty Copies, - - - 5 00 



Address all orders to 

Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, 

Statesville, N. C. 



^a. 



RRADYf 

THE 

Printer 



STATESVILLE 



North America and Africa 

Their Past, Present and Future 

AND KEY TO 

The Negro Problem 



BY 

Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, OF Statesville, N. C. 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 



MULTUM t^/\PARVd ''fV* :'.'.!• 



" I,iBERiA : A republic founded by black men, 
maintained by black men, and which holds out to 
hope the brightest prospects." — Henry Clay. 






! LIBRARY Ot CONGRESS 
Tv/0 Copies Received 

APR 30 1904 

Cooyrlffhl Entry 

CLASS ^' XXc. No. 

COPY B 



■i ■ Jr~f 'r tr 



Entered according to Act of Congress on April i, 1904, 

By Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 




THE AUTHOR 



INTRODUCTION. 

One of the problems of not only the South but 
of the entire nation, for the past thirty-eight years, 
has been the " Negro Problem." Any one who can 
add to its solution is a benefactor to both races in 
America. This pamphlet has three things to recom- 
mend it. First, it is on a living issue, that is at- 
tracting the best thought of our nation. One method 
of solving this vexed question has been set forth in 
these pages. The idea of colonizing the Negro is 
not a new one. It has had and still has the cordial 
support of strong and influential men. The second 
recommendation offered to the reader, is that it is 
well written ; in the purest English, and not an 
ambiguous sentence in it. The third is : the author 
has given this subject his best thought, and inves- 
tigations, running through many years. Not only 
are his plan and thoughts mature, but he thoroughly 
believes them. The conclusions of a cultured mind, 
that has been directed to solve a great question, may 
well be considered. I commend to every one this 
booklet, and ask a patient perusal of its pages. 
J. E. Thompson, P. E., 
Statesville District, W. N. C. Conference. 

3 



PREFACE 

For Third Edition of " North America and 
Africa ; Their Past, Present and Future." 
Having written a small book entitled as above ; the 
First Edition appeared on the 20th of May (our 
Mecklenburg Independence Day) 1875. To prove 
that America, though when discovered, was occu- 
pied by the Aborigines, was destined to become the 
home of the white man ; and Africa was and should 
ever be the future home of the negro race, unmixed 
with or unmolested by others. Four years later a 
Second Edition appeared in an enlarged and im- 
proved form, though both were premature, as they 
asked for national aid to accomplish the objects 
named. Believing the time has now come for ac- 
tion, the author proposes now to issue the Third 
Edition, not only to give additional proof of the 
necessity of the great work, but the manner of doing 
it to benefit the two Continents and the entire world. 
From every standpoint, the present time seems to 
be most opportune and propitious to begin and 
carry on to a speedy completion of a plan originated 
in the minds of some of our greatest statesmen and 
philanthropists, who formed the American Coloniza- 
tion Society eighty years ago, and adopted in 
early life by the writer and has followed him 
through many eventful years ; now believes he 

4 



has formulated a most feasible plan to obtain the 
great blessing ; and having been familiar with the 
institution of slavery from childhood to its abolition, 
and the freedmen constantly since, a period of over 
three-fourths of a century, and studied the questions 
involved in all their phases should know whereof 
he writes. Dedicated to Suffermg Hmnanity. 

Fraternally, 

Author. 
Statesville, N. C, Feb. 22nd, 1904. 

5 



NORTH AMERICA AND AFRICA; 

Their Past, Present and Future, and Key to 
the Negro Problem. 



CHAPTER I. 
History tells us that Columbus planted the na- 
tional flag and religion or Romanism of Spain, on 
the shores of America when first discovered ; and 
with them the love of gold appeared and showed 
itself in the destruction and partial extermination 
of the natives ; and the introduction of African 
slavery which was encouraged and fostered by En- 
gland and other nations and their piratical ships. 
The original Colonies of England protes'^ed against 
the introduction of slavery, but to create commerce 
and wealth the parent government compelled our 
forefathers to submit, and later the New England 
States encouraged ? nd participated in the importa- 
tion and traffic in the heathen population of Africa, 
captured or bought for the trade, which increased 
in the Colonies. After the union of the States the 
people saw a great evil had been put upon them, 
and began to discuss and legislate on the subject, 
which resulted in the sale of most of the slaves 
from the Northern to the Southern States, the for- 
mer seeing the institution was unprofitable to them, 
as well as an evil, manumitted the remainder by 

6 



legislative enactments ; and the demand for cotton 
to supply the mills of the old world, as well as those 
springing up in the North increased, with the aid 
of the politicians, the pro-slavery population of all 
the States ; and on the other hand, formed the non- 
slaveholding element and the far-seeing Christians 
and philanthropists into opposing forces in every 
State. The continued agitation of the subject 
caused several of the Southern States to come very 
near following the example of their Northern breth- 
ren and passing laws for emancipation, and coloniza- 
tion, notwithstanding the increased difficulties 
around them, in preference to allowing individual 
owners to free and turn them loose as citizens as 
some had done ; and later the Western States had 
to pass laws prohibiting the freed population being 
sent to them from the Slave States, thereby stop- 
ping the influx of the freed negroes of the South, 
which they saw would soon give them trouble. So 
grave the situation became as early as 1820, that 
many of the leading divines, politicians, and slave- 
owners of all the States, formed themselves into the 
Colonization Society of America, procured a char- 
ter from Congress and provided means to buy ter- 
ritory in Africa, created a second Republic, ''Libc- 
ria^^^ and empowered our Navy to confiscate the 
ships, and sending the slave passengers to Liberia 
at government expense. Had not the politicians 
interfered by fanning the flame of personal preju- 
dice of '"Jire-eaiers" on both sides, and making the 

7 



negro a bone of contention to the injury of both 
sections and all parties, that movement would have 
freed all the slaves of the Union and had them 
comfortably located in their native land, and pre- 
vented our civil war, and made this a white man's 
country and Africa the black man's. The tempta- 
tion for narrow-minded politicians to enter the arena 
for selfish motives was far too great for them to 
desist for the sake of humanity ; and the jealousy 
of the laboring whites that did not own slaves caused 
them to take up the slogan, which increased diffi- 
culties, and perpetuated the institution, rather than 
removing it, as a great number who had inherited 
the institution were anxious to accomplish. Each 
year and every election widened the breach between 
the contending parties until they assumed political 
caste thereby, just as the adherents to the King of 
England had done in the Revolutionary struggle, 
forming two parties ; the Colonizationists were 
mostly of the Whig party, while their opposers 
were Democrats (at least in the South) notwithstand- 
ing Thomas Jefferson was one of the founders of 
both reformatory movements. As time passed the 
two great political parties contending for supremacy 
over the vexed question until they subdivided into 
factions, as Abolitionists, per se, and Secessionists, 
each ran ahead of their respective political associ- 
ates, made the political horizon more dark and 
threatening, until all Colonizationists were branded 
as Abolitionists, and all slave-holders as Secession- 

8 



ists, which was far from the truth, as the two Clays 
of Kentucky (Henry was defeated for President in 
1832 by the unjust appellation of Abolitionist) and 
many Southerners and slave-holders were honestly 
striving to solve the problem, and rid themselves 
and the country of the institution and its cause 
simultaneously. Though the Colonization Socie- 
ties (for States were forming them) had started off 
so nobly, the constant warfare upon them and those 
most conservative citizens in all sections as that, 
the leaders of the Abolition element North began 
the publication and dissemination of incendiary 
papers, which caused mutiny and insurrection 
among the happy slaves where they were treated 
best and had the greatest liberty — and to retaliate, 
the '■^fire-eating^'' Southern politicians claimed 
national protection, and a dividing line between 
the non-slave and slave territory, and got the "Mis- 
souri Compromise," or Mason and Dixon line ; and 
added more slave territory by the Florida and 
Louisiana purchases, and the annexation of Texas, 
and the war with Mexico grew out of the contro- 
versy, as well as the annexation of Kansas and the 
extension of the compromise line ; and desire to 
annex Mexico to extend and perpetuate slavery, 
though many slave-holders were anxious to be re- 
lieved of the responsibility and evils growing out 
of it, and hoped the labors of the Colonization So- 
cieties would bring relief, and prevent a sectional 
war or the division of the States. The masses of 



the people on both sides were hoping, praying, and 
trusting for deliverance and peace ; but the fire in 
the sedge was on every side and the politicians 
would not let it be put out, for they wanted a hobby 
on which to ride into office ; most of them had no 
other interest in the matter. Three Presidential 
tickets being in the field in i860, Mr. Lincoln 
(without receiving a plurality of all the votes of 
the Union) became President. He being a friend 
and follower of Henry Clay, and a Colonizationist, 
would have administered justice and given us 
gradual emancipation (or indemnity) and Coloniza- 
tion. If the '^''fire-eaters^'' of both sides had been 
compelled to accept such a compromise, or ''fight 
it ouf among themselves under the Union flag, on 
new or neutral territory, all would have ended well, 
and this was the talk and sentiment of a majority 
of voters, in North Carolina at least, as was proven 
by the vote on secession. When a student 60 years 
ago, I learned from history that several of the 
original Thirteen Colonies made stipulated agree 
ments in forming the Union, and reserved the right 
to withdraw from it; and if my memory serves me cor- 
rectly. North Carolina was one of that number, but 
a large majority of her citizens opposed exercising 
that right, until President Lincoln called on her for 
75,000 troops to make war upon her neighbors and 
blood relatives ; and then as a dernier ressort, seced 
ed, and her sons did more hard fighting and suffered 
more than those of any other State in proportion to 

10 



population, on either side. A recent quotation 
from the Baltimore S/n/ says : 

" The General Assembly of Virjirinia last winter passed a law 
providing for a statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee in statuary luiU in 
the capitol at Washington. When the question of accepting 
the statue comes up in Congress there will doubtless l)e a dis- 
cussion of the great Confederate chieftain, of his motives and 
his patriotism, of his conduct in taking up arms against the 
United States after being educated by the Federal government 
and having had a commission in the United States army. 

Mr. Charles Francis Adams now advances an interesting 
fact, which may tend to confuse those narrow minds and bitter 
hearts that can take no pride in this great American because he 
fought for his own State and his own kindred, rather than 
against them. Some time ago Mr. Adams made a notable ad- 
dress at Charleston on the "Constitutional Ethics of Secession," 
in which he admitted that on the question of secession being a 
constitutional right of the States, the South had the best of the 
argument. This address has been printed, and Mr. Adams has 
added a footnote showing that when Lee was a cadet at West 
Point, where he was graduated in 1829, he, in common with the 
other cadets, was taught that the States had the right to secede. 
The textbook on constitutional law used at West Point down to 
1840 was "Rawle's View of the Constitution." William Rawle, 
the author of the book, was a leading member of the Philadel- 
phia bar and an eminent authority on constitutional law. Mr. 
Adams makes the following quotations from this book : 

'If a faction should attempt to subvert the government of a 
State for the purpose of destroying its republican form, the pa- 
ternal power of the Union could thus be called forth to subdue 
it. Yet it is not to be understood that its interposition would 
be justifiable if the people of a State should determine to retire 
from the Union, whether they adopted another or retained the 
same form of government. (Page 289) 

The States, then, may wholly withdraw from the Union ; but 
while they continue they must retain the character of represen- 
tative republics. (Page 290) 

II 



The secession of a State from the Union depends on the will 
of the people of such State. (Page 290) 

The people of a State may have some reasons to complain in 
respect to acts of the general government ; they may in such 
cases invest some of their own ofl&cers with the power of nego- 
tiation, and may declare an absolute secession in case of their 
failure. Still, however, the secession must in such case be dis- 
tinctly and peremptorily declared to take place on that event ; 
and in such case, as in the case of an unconditional secession, 
the previous ligament with the Union would be legitimately 
and fairly destroyed. But in either case (conditional or uncon- 
ditional secession) the people is the only moving power. 
(Page 296).' " 

President Lincoln was the most troubled man in 
all the States during the civil war, and was anxious 
to settle the whole matter amicably, and showed it, 
by his '-''Hatnpton Roads Commissions^'' and his will- 
ingness then to pay for the slaves and colonize 
them in Africa at government expense, even after 
having issued his emancipation proclamation, and 
the commissioners sent to confer with him would 
have accepted his terms had they possessed the 
power, in order to put an end to the carnage. But 
the Secessionists had put the man at the head of 
their government who would not accept the offer. 
Furthermore, the same element being opposed to 
all kinds of emancipation taught the negro popula- 
tion, before, during, and since the war, that they 
could not live in Liberia or Africa ; when it is as 
populous as any other continent. This assertion 
proved their selfishness or ignorance, or both ; their 
object was to keep them here, though both races 

12 



were injured thereby. After nearly forty years of 
freedom there are now many reasons for believing 
both races would have been orreatly benefitted by 
said compromise. The politicians also said, "we 
needed them here for their labor and their votes," 
as if their labor and their votes could not have been 
supplied by judicious immigration laws ; and the 
sequel proves their labor and votes have cost more 
than they anticipated. The history of the Hebrews, 
and all liberated slaves, proves a separation from 
former scenes and objects the better mode of pro- 
cedure ; and the history of our former slaves since 
their sudden change of life proves that the two 
races are getting farther from each other and more 
incongruous every day. The kindly feeling and 
real friendship which were so manifest before free- 
dom, have passed away with the elder slaves and 
their former owners ; and the new issue of both 
races have no desire to renew them ; but on the 
contrary, their education and other reasons tend to 
widen the breach — some of which will be discussed, 
with other information of the two races and Con- 
tinents forming the title of this humble volume, in 
future chapters, in order that all persons desiring 
information may learn facts instead of fiction ; as 
personal prejudice and self-interest are apt to mis- 
state or misrepresent the truth whenever selfish 
motives are in the way. No part of our history is 
so little known or cared for as that of the institu- 
tion of domestic slavery. This is proven by con- 

13 



fering with citizens of different States or localities, 
and learn the total ignorance of some and prejudice 
of others because of false teaching on the subject 
during the bitter warfare or controversy for fifty 
years prior to the civil war it engendered. The 
term "Negro" is not used by the writer because of 
disrespect, but because the first brought here were 
from near the river Niger, called so as its waters 
are black and the inhabitants are black. 

14 



CHAPTER II. 

COTTON GROWING IN AFRICA. 

It is now evident that the commercial world in- 
tends to transfer the principal part of the American 
cotton crop to Africa ; and to do so, it will be nec- 
essary to carry those of the negro population who 
are best skilled in producing it here to raise it 
there. 

When we consider that cotton is a biennial plant 
(at least that is my recollection), grows faster and 
longer, the climate better adapted to its growth, 
the land richer than ours, a greater yield can be 
obtained per acre there than here, living is also 
cheaper there than can possibly be had here ; and 
cheap cotton is the manufacturer's "Shibboleth," 
we can but conclude that in another decade Africa 
will ship more cotton to other countries than 
America has ever done or will do. 

This will work no hardships to the cotton pro- 
ducers of America, as the joint production of grain, 
grasses, wool-growing and stock-raising on our pres- 
ent large cotton plantations will be more remuner- 
ative and less expensive than our all-cotton system 
has ever been. Improved machinery, fewer labor- 
ers, and greater yields will be the outcome. 

Furthermore, the Mexican cotton-boll weevil is 
now making such dreadful havoc upon the Ameri- 
can cotton crop, that it is only a question of time 

15 



as to its entire destruction. Then the millions 
of negroes now living by the cultivation of cot- 
ton must seek other employments in other sec- 
tions, and come in contact more directly with white 
labor, which will intensify the indisposition for the 
two races to work side by side in the great West 
and North-west, and the race war, already looming 
up, will be a stupendous reality. To divert this 
let Africa become their home. God^s hand is in 
this, and Pharaoh had better keep his off. 

Besides, other countries are looking to us for 
food and raiment, as well as other manufactured 
goods, implements, etc., produced by white labor. 

The increased demand for wool which is more 
easily produced than cotton, and the profit greater, 
will help to produce a revolution in Southern farm- 
ing. The improvement of stock and the soil will 
require more skill and culture than practiced here- 
tofore, and will pay to devote more time, attention 
and money, as that will be permanent wealth in- 
stead of the old "wear and tear" system of putting 
in one pocket and losing from two. 

COFFEE. 
The best coffee in the world grows in Liberia ; 
sugar-cane, rice, cassava, yams, and other vegeta- 
bles do as well. These and other crops can be 
raised there with half the labor and greater profits 
than cotton, corn and tobacco can here. So there 
is no need of starving ; besides, clothing and fuel 
are not half as costly there as here. 

i6 



Liberia coffee sold in Philadelphia at the Cen- 
tennial in 1876 at one dallar per pound. 

GOLD. 

Africa is also destined to produce more gold, oth- 
er minerals, and precious stones than any other 
country of the world. The late and Honorable J. 
H. B. Latrobe, of Baltimore, for many years a most 
efficient President of the American Colonization 
Society, in one of his letters to me said : " When 
gold is discovered in Liberia enough ships cannot 
be had to carry the American negroes from this to 
that country as fast as they will want to go." That 
day has dawned upon Liberia/ 

Extensive and satisfactory explorations have just 
been completed by an English company of ample 
means ; and all necessary arrangements made to 
begin and prosecute the important work of mining, 
which will necessitate the building of railways, and 
other improvements requiring labor, and the ex- 
penditure of millions of dollars annually. So the 
best part of our colored population should start in 
time, be on hand when the rush sets in, or demor- 
alization might occur. 

When gold was discovered in California there was 
a great tide of emigration from the States, and 
many of them were missionaries and teachers, who 
made a Christian State of it. The United States 
government owes it to all of both races of her citi- 

17 



zens to open, foster, guide, and protect the exodus 
that must set in very soon. If left to the tender 
mercies of capitalists and shipping agents, many 
hardships and much suffering may occur. South 
Africa has already extracted hundreds of millions 
of dollars worth of gold, diamonds, etc., and the 
work has hardly begun. Why may Liberia and 
other adjacent sections not do as mnch? 

THE FORESTS OF LIBERIA 

contain many hundreds of millions of wealth in 
timbers, barks, medical herbs, nuts, oils, etc., and 
the natives need skilled and willing laborers to lead 
them to successful subjugation and appropriation 
of all those vast resources to benefit themselves and 
the world. The introduction of saw, and other 
mills and machinery will require capital as well as 
labor. The white men of America should furnish 
the former, and the best of the negro population, 
the latter. 

" The Walter Graham Axe^'' is a new invention, 
that is claimed for it, to enable one good hand to 
do the work of three ordinary choppers in a given 
length of time, ^ith great ease and profit to the 
operator, and the introduction of that one instru- 
ment will save millions of dollars worth of hard 
labor and add greatly to the material wealth of that 
undeveloped country. 



The J. C. Steele & Son's patent brick nionldinj^ 
machine with all its late improvements will also 
work wonders in all that vast territory to be turned 
into habitable domains. These inventors and pat- 
entees are native North Carolinians and friends of 
the writer who will gladly help them introduce 
their most valuable inventions into that great coun- 
try for the mutual benefit of all countries and peo- 
ples. Thus it may be seen at a glance the develop- 
ment of Africa is a most stupendous undertaking. 
These and other reasons yet to be given will open 
up to the minds of the industrious colored laborers 
of Africa such stimulating inducements to emi- 
grate to their fatherland ;rs to greatly improve their 
financial condition ; and as their mental and moral 
growth are equally important as their temporal, it 
will be necessary to transfer their schools, colleges 
and churches, with their most consecrated Christian 
workers also. In fact these should form the advance 
guard of the great army soon to cross the Atlantic. 
The scientific world will soon convert the malarial 
sections of that vast continent into gardens and rice 
fields, and the cooling waters and healthful breezes 
from the numerous ranges of mountains will make 
living there preferable to rny other country for the 
best and most useful of the colored population of 
America. The different nations of the Old World 
have now thousands of miles of railroads in success- 
ful operation in the Congo and other Northern, 
Southern and Eastern parts of Africa, and also many 

19 



lakes and rivers navigated by numerous steamers ; 
and it is now the duty of American capitalists to do 
as much for Western Africa. If not, Europe will 
soon change the map of that most productive and 
wonderful field, and draw skilled laborers from the 
sections of Africa now being cultivated ; while the 
American negroes can never obtain all they want 
here at any cost. Then let their American white 
friends help them to go and possess the land, instead 
of adding to the social and political strifes now ex- 
isting, and must continue while they remain, as the 
chasm widens between them conliniially. Let us 
take a Missionary view mainly of the matter ! 
This is the age of missions ! All Christian coun- 
tries are making extraordinary efforts to raise money 
to send and support missionaries to convert the 
heathen, and as for Africa, her own children should 
do that work ; and to educate them on the ground 
from whence they came wiU be the most speedy, 
economical and satisfactory mode. Besides, God 
suffered them to be brought here, partially prepared) 
freed and now designs them to finish the work of 
civilization and Christianization of the many 
millions who need the Gospel. 

When Melville Cox, a white missionary, was 
taking his last farewell of his mother on leaving 
his Southern home for Africa, she threw her arms 
arourd his neck and exclaimed : " Oh! Melville! 
Melville! how can I give thee ?//>f" He replied : 
" Oh! Africa! Africa! how can I give thee upf'' 

20 



Slie saw him no more on earth. His l^ones lie 
bleachinof with many others of his race and conn- 
try, on Afric's sunny shores, awaitinc^ the <ycncral 
resurrection. Let all consecrated colored workers 
adopt his language and follow his example, and 
soon *' TJic Dark Continent will be ledeemed. 



CHAPTER IIL 

WILL AFRICA BE CHRISTIANIZED ? IF SO, BY WHOM? 

For an hundred years these questions have been 
asked and answered. If the "death of martyrs is 
the seed of the Church," surely the ashes of mis- 
sionaries will prove God's willingness to redeem 
the world, and Africa is no exception to the great 
plan of redemption. Doctors Moffatt, Living- 
ston, and Stanl)-, whose united labors in Africa will 
embrace a century, and astonish the world, furnish 
only a part of the fruits of the hundreds of conse- 
crated workers who gave their lives to the great 
work, while thousands, doubtless, are awaiting 
God's opportunity to take their places and carry 
on to completion the redemption of the " Dark 
Coiithie^it^^'' with its two hundred million souls 
crying, '''•come over and help tisP^ Europe, America 
and the white race have furnished most of the mis- 
sionaries, purely such, and demonstrated the im- 
portance of the enterprise ; and now God's provi- 
dences seem to indicate that the Christian neeroes 
of America are to take up the plan and complete 
the work. The many schools, colleges, and uni- 
versities of their own in America will furnish the 
laborers, and God will furnish the money ; a gradual 
exodus will set in and increase annually until '■'-The 
wilderness shall blossotn as the rose^ and the solitary 

22 



places be glad for them y No prophet is needed to 
prove this, for it is apparent upon the face of 
events. The inequality of the two races here, 
socially, politically, and the growing tendency to 
further alienation, produced by the loss of the 
friendship, or love and confidence that existed be- 
tween master and servant, and the unwillingness to 
labor for the upbuilding, each for the other, of both 
races now and for the future, and the many results 
growing out of these matters, all point to a humane, 
gradual, peaceful and final separation here, and the 
erection of a great Republic on the western coast 
of Africa. Not only like ours, but fostered, aided, 
guided and protected by the entire population of 
this government, as that both races and Continents 
may be benefitted thereby, and at once. Delay is 
dangerous ! Other nations are seeing the impor- 
tance of controlling that vast and valuable country; 
and once under their control, a combined effort on 
their part might mean more than we can now 
imagine possible; while the perpetuity of our g^eat 
government would be strengthened in proportion 
to our interest taken in the removal, prosperity and 
usefulness of our negro population thither ; and the 
service we continue to render them in their new 
home would be more than compensated by the 
trade and commercial advantages accruing to both 
races and countries. Let Congress agree to pay 
the honest claims now pending before that body, 
and long delayed, to needy and private citizens who 

23 



could not control public sentiment prior to, or the 
conduct of the fratricidal civil war (or uncivil if 
thought best to term it,) and also pay, say ($300) 
thiee hundred dollars each for the slaves freed, one- 
half of the latter to go to former owners or their 
posterity, and the other half to transport and sup- 
port for a time all of the colored people who would 
go on such terms. All Christians and philanthro- 
pists might make donations through the American 
Colonization Society or otherwise, to transport and 
support such as would go as teachers, missionaries ; 
and especially orphans to be reared in manual 
laboring schools and colleges for the needy and most 
worthy, as fast as they are landed in their new 
homes. Educate them there and let them grow up 
there with the courtry and government ; and they 
would remain and become loyal citizens. The 
Liberian government now furnishes all immigrants 
protection and supplies for three months after ar- 
rival, and a donation of twenty-five acres of land 
for each family, or fifteen acres for a single person. 
These, with numerous other advantages obtained 
by the change, would work wonders in the im- 
proved condition of all industrious, sober, and 
economical citizens thus transferred. The majority 
of the Southern soldiers did not go into the war to 
benfit or injure the negro population ; they were 
persuaded, deceived or conscripted, or to protect 
their homes, while many sons of Secessionists fled 
the country, managed to stay at home, or get into 

24 



bomb-proof and easy positions after helping to 
bring on the conflict ; but others, after taking the 
oath, or assuming obligations of soldiers, most of 
them became the most indomitable soldiers the 
world has ever known. They were buried in trenches, 
died in prisons or hospitals, or returned maimed to 
live in poverty the remainder of life. Two broth- 
ers of those faithful veterans who had been reared 
to hard labor, deprived of many comforts, came out 
of the war each leaving an arm in the hospital 
graveyard ; having known them for many years 
they called at my home a few years ago to have a 
friendly chat ; as they sat near me, one with an 
empty right sleeve and the other an empty left, 
hanging loosely by their sides, and with their gray 
locks and very plain dress, and thinking of the 
hard times they had seen in providing for large 
families, paying taxes, etc.,feelings of deep sympathy 
sprang up in my soul, and having just read an arti- 
cle proposing a pension from the United States 
government for such men (the same proposition I 
had published in my pamphlet twenty-five years 
ago) written by my friend, Doctor James J. Mott, I 
read it to them. When concluded, their eyes were 
filled with grateful tears, while gratitude and hope 
were manifested by words and actions. Such an ad- 
dition to our pension laws would do more than any 
other to unite our people and settle forever the feel- 
ings engendered by the sectional controversies and 
battles of the last century. When anything of 

25 



the kind is proposed there are some ready to cry out 
'''•Economy.^'' The large sums necessary to pay these 
private claims before Congress, for the late slaves^ 
and most needy ex-Confederate soldiers could be 
raised by issuing three per cent, long running bonds, 
the interest paid by this generation, and principal by 
later ones, would go to relieve those who have done 
much to build up our common country, (before and 
since the war) many on short rations — nobody 
would feel the burden ; as the great tide of immi- 
grants constantly coming in, added to our willing 
population, would create such prosperity as never 
before witnessed by us and more than replace the 
amount thus expended. This plan has been in the 
mind of the writer for a third of a centu-y, and 
proposed in Second Edition of "North America 
AND Africa," and laid before Congress twent;, - 
five years ago. Sectional and political animosities 
then prevented even a consideration of the proposi- 
tion, but now, these should not be in the way. No 
other legislation could do so much to establish a 
common brotherhood, and start all classes off on a 
new road of prosperity. "Will our statesmen see the 
results as many citizens would gladly embrace them? 
Legislation by individual States could restrain the 
i-apist (a class hardly known before our civil war) by 
passing a law to eviasciilatc^ and cropping hotJi ears 
of the raper, with life service in the penitentiary — 
if pardoned the subject would be known by the loss 
of his ears, and a danger of a repetition of the crime 

26 



averted. Just half of said penalty would put an 
end to seduction and bigamy, now so common in 
all the States, and with both races. Our wives and 
daughters Diust be protected^ and such laws would 
be far better than lynching and shooting. I^'allcn 
women are ostracised by society. Why should their 
seducers and bigamists not be equally punished ? 
The pardoning power should be so changed, as to 
make it more difficult to turn criminals loose on 
private citizens and communities. 

27 



CHAPTER IV. 



A FAMILY QUARREL ! 

Of all the quarrels in the world, that of a family 
or brethren is the most bitter, oppressive, and de- 
structive ! This was proven by the continued agi- 
tation of the question of slavery by the Abolitionists 
and Secessionists of our Union for many years, 
which culminated in the greatest civil war known 
to the human race. 

From our early history we learn the formation of 
the Union of the States was looked upon by some 
as of doubtful propriety, and reserved rights of sep- 
aration were claimed, while a majority thought 
otherwise ; and but for the introduction of slavery 
there never would have been a thought of dissolu- 
tion. The best, most conservative, and larger ele- 
ment of the voters of all the States were in favor of 
a settlement of the great national trouble by a fair 
and peaceful removal of the cause from our shores, 
but the extremist, "r«/^ or ruin " parties preferred 
political strife at any cost, and would not be con- 
trolled by the majority, most wise, and conservative 
voters of the entire Union. No individual, commu- 
nity, or part of the nation can have the least idea 
of the loss of life, property and influence produced 
by the fratricidal war, the result of the unwise and 
bitter agitation or family quarrel on the slave ques- 

28 



tion and dissolution of the Union ; and after thirty- 
eight years of so-called peace or continuation of old 
troubles — it is the duty of all the people of all the 
States to help allay the old strifes by ''DOINCr 
JUSTLY, LOVING MERCY, AND WALKINCi 
HUMBLY BEFORE GOD." Spain paid for her 
freed slaves. Are we not as able and considerate ? 
Ours were freed iincotistilutionally ^ as a war meas- 
ure ; and the Southern people, en masse^ have 
made full and complete restitution in taxes alone 
for all the cost of the war over and above all other 
losses of various kinds by it ; which was forced upon 
many who opposed it as long as opposition was safe 
or available, and never ceased to regret its contin- 
uation, and would have received President Lincoln's 
proposition to compromise, with gladness and re- 
joicing. That Secession-Abolition crusade was a- 
mutual war of retaliation and sin ! It was the devil 
fighting fire, and the " salt of the earth " was be- 
tween the demoniacal elements, or between the up- 
per and nether-millstones, to be ground to powder- 
but like gold to be gathered up again. 

If the plan proposed in this little book can be 
carried out it will work no ill to any one of either 
race, but eventually benefit all of both races and 
countries. For only one person to advocate any 
measure of the kind is to invite a failure, but a 
united effort of all the people of all sections of our 
o-reat country to be made simultaneously, success is 
assured ; and to do this the plan must be made pub- 

29 



lie, discussed and adopted as a compromise. Con- 
gress will extend national aid when it sees the peo- 
ple are for it ! Let the most influential of both 
races ask for national aid and in less than twelve 
months good results will be seen and felt, and new 
life and hope spring up in many hearts now de- 
sponding ; and if wealthy citizens will direct a part 
of their beneficence to the erection of agricultural 
and mechanical schools and colleges in Liberia and 
transport at their own expense the best teachers, 
laborers, and children from our sea-ports, and watch 
over their labors they may accomplish more than 
in any other way. 

No great work was ever accomplished without 
prayer, faith, labor, and obedience to the will of our 
Divine Master. Since the civil war we have had 
three of our Presidents assassinated, and after care- 
ful investigation, at great cost of labor, time and 
money, no proof was ever adduced to show that any 
Southern citizen had anything to do with those 
dastardly acts, and our reconstruction history testi- 
fies to our renewed loyalty for over a third of a cen- 
tury. If emancipation had been gradually accom- 
plished, as the Colonizationists desired, all classes 
would have adjusted matters to have suited their 
best interest ; peace and harmony would have fol- 
lowed instead ot the disastrous war and its results ; 
and now there would be no wounds to heal or diffi- 
culties to adjust. 

Individual sins create national ones ! All must 

30 



"be repented of, forsaken and rest it iii ion made, [cow- 
piete) or punishments, disasters or calamities follow 
in rapid succession, for repentance without restitu- 
tion does not bring pardon, peace or security. 

One of the first lessons taught the freedmen after 
the war was, that the " bottom rail was on topy 
Many of them knew it was not true, but enough 
believed it to inoculate the masses, and caused them 
to aspire to conditions and positions unattainable 
and resulted in criminal desires and practices, such 
as rapes, thefts, murder, incendiarism, dissipation, 
prostitution and the entire list of crimes. To undo 
that one lesson will require more time, patience and 
money than we have at our command, without the 
relief a judicious exodus would give ; as an evidence 
of this we cannot draw our proportional part of 
capital and white immigrants from other States and 
countries. Two streams of migration started simul- 
taneously would benefit two races and Continents. 

ANOTHER FAMILY QUARREL ! 

The history of Jacob and Esau affords another 
sad case of a family quarrel of great severity and 
long duration. By fraud and treachery Jacob became 
the possessor of Esau's birth-right, which separated 
the twin brothers for all time, though a partial rec- 
onciliation seemed to be had, their posterity must 
have perpetuated the alienation of their parents. 
''Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated:' From 
this quotation of Scripture we may infer that Jacob, 

31 



by repentance and proffered restitution reinstated 
himself in Divine favor, while Esau and his poster- 
ity failed at this point, a national sin was the re- 
sult, and perpetuated for thousands of years as their 
history seems to indicate. In those days Palestine 
and all the East constituted a vast productive gar- 
den, but the curses of Jehovah were sent upon 
Edom, that part occupied by Esau and his poster- 
ity, doubtless for the sin of idolatry, resulting from 
the hatred entertained for Jacob, and his God. For 
some enormous sin God's wrath was poured out 
upon Idumea, as the prophecies plainly state, and 
thousands of years Esau's land and posterity have 
carried the marks of his displeasure. Those peo- 
ple acknowledge the existence of God and call Him 
Allah, but have lost all knowledge of His goodness, 
power, and greatness. To ride his Arabian steed 
over the barren waste and capture the unprotected 
traveler and deprive him of his life and money, 
seems to be his highest motive ; while Jacob's 
lineage produced Christ and His Church, which are 
to redeem the world. The question naturally arises: 
Did the North American Indian spring from 
Esau ? (as the African sprang from Ham.) He, too, 
roves the forest as a heathen worshipper, but ac- 
knowledges the "Great Spirit" and has sprung 
from a people who once knew God. Esau was born 
a red man, married the daughters of the Hittites, 
an idolatrous nation, contrary to the will of his 
parents, lived in Edom, left a numerous and roam- 

32 



iiig posterity, and doubtless all the colored races, 
except the negro came from him. See Genesis, 26th 
chapter, 24th and 25th verses. 

How many of the dark races sprang from Ksan 
we know not, but doubtless many ; and the descend- 
ants of Jacob must reclaim them, as Christ's re- 
deeming blood was shed for all and we are of the 
favored lineage. Our forefathers found the Aborigi- 
nes here ; and imported the African. The remnant 
left of the former owners of this continent should 
be civilized in their native land by those now pos- 
sessing said territory, and the same people who 
have had the labors and profits of the imported (or 
stolen) Africans for four centuries should, h\ all 
ineans^ transport and otherwise help their offspring 
into a better country for them than this can ever 
be. This is God's plan, doubtless ; and to disregard 
it will only bring His further judgments upon u-. 
Will not the four centuries of service, with all the 
responsibilities, profits and losses, a disastrous frat- 
ricidal war, and sectional strife, and nearly forty 
years of intestinal discord interspersed with im- 
mense loss of life, property, peace and happiness 
not suffice ? Or will we wait longer while matters 
grow worse for both races ? The mother of the 
twin brothers was responsible for the loss of frater- 
nal love that should have been preserved. But, 
Alas ! F'or a little favoritism. What a catastrophe ! 
What was once said of France, is now applicable to 
^s — what we now " most need arc mothers^ 



CHAPTER V. 

Man is an intellectual being, and must be edu- 
cated. All are educated in some way, either good 
or evil. Pope, the poet, says : 

" A little learning is a dangerous thing, 
Drink deep or taste not the pierian spring." 

The more we learn of some things the worse it 
is for us and the world. What we learn we are apt 
to teach others, for "no one liveth to himself." 
Therefore the importance of obtaining useful knowl- 
edge. To learn to read and write is the ideal of an 
education with some persons, while others claim a 
much higher standard of book knowledge. To 
educate the intellect to the neglect of the conscience 
is a dangerous precedent. No one can have a 
proper education without a due regard for a co- 
equal culture of the mental, physical, and moral 
natures of those to be educated. This is an age of 
education ; but unfortunately most of it is of the 
wrong sort. To obtain something for nothing, or 
live at the expense of others seems to be the sole 
object of many persons in some communities. This 
is one of the great evils growing out of the civil 
war and the sudden emancipation and enfranchis- 
ing of our late slaves ; and the education given 
them from the public schools has not prevented 
millions of them from going into excess of crimes 

34 



hardly known to them while in bondage, and tlu-ir 
education was then principally oral instruction, and 
obedience exacted. As a proof of this, before the 
war there was only one or two penitentiaries in the 
South, and they filled with white convicts, now 
there are a dozen or more, and a very large majority 
of the inmates are negroes. The same may be said 
of chain-gangs, alms-houses, and jails, and most of 
them have enjoyed free school privileges. Some 
years ago a lady and her escort were passing the 
lighted streets of Washington City at night, when 
accosted by ten negro men, who brutally outraged 
the lady and robbed the man of his money. They 
were captured in two hours and lodged in jail. 
While there I wrote the chief of police to know if 
any of those ten men could read and write ? He 
answered and said, all of them could read and 
write. So it seemed, to read and write and live in 
a city, and capital of the nation did not prevent 
them from showing the education they had re- 
ceived. What their fate was I know not, but they 
should have been emasculated, cropped of botJi ears, 
sent to the penitentiary for life, and had the benefit 
of a chaplain. Such crimes have been multiplied 
a thousand fold in the South since their freedom — 
in fact all others have increased among them to an 
alarming extent, and because of their newly ac- 
quired education. The better class of their race 
are at too great a distance from the masses. Bricg 
them closer together here, or what is better, let the 

35 



whites give aid to the best and most consecrated to 
go and carry the rising generation with them to 
their fatherland, and educate them there, and by 
example and precept do as much for the natives, 
leaving behind those who want no reformatory edu- 
cation to our laws and courts of justice to manage. 
They, and time will complete the cure. If for 
forty years these people have been growing more 
lawless while school houses, colleges and teach- 
ers have been provided for them by white 
friends of all sections at great cost, it is time some 
other practice should be put in operation. For the 
difficulty lies in the fact that their children now 
have more evil teaching here than the better kind ; 
and a separation is the only remedy, and the At- 
lantic should be the dividing line. For the two 
races to continue to live here and become alienated 
more and more every day is to perpetuate a grovv'- 
ing evil. It is no use to preach one doctrine and 
practice another. No missionary money and labors 
will accomplish their proper ends under such a sys- 
tem. Then, why continue to misapply these means 
to the neglect of better results ? If a successful 
change is made on this line national aid must sup- 
plement private donations. Co-operation faithfully 
administered will accomplish what neither will do 
separately. The bonds issued to meet all the obli- 
gations proposed would be so many ligiments to 
bind in one common union all the States and peo- 
ple as to perpetuate its existence, and the increased 

36 



rpopulatioii and prosperity would pay tlioin gladly. 
AH history, sacred and profane, proves all the fallen 
nations of the past, resulted from oppression and 
idolatry— oppiessi on of rulers and universal idolatry, 
but beginning at the head. Solomon's idolatry and 
oppression resulted in the fall of his nation, favored 
city temple, home and the homes of his people. 
While we may go that way, we have notliing else 
to fear, 

THIS BOOKLET, 

It was the intention of the writer to enlarge it, 
discuss elaborately all the different features of this 
great problem ; but the absolute personal attention 
constantly required caused by the protracted illness 
of his beloved companion for three years, makes i": 
imperative to desist with the promise that, as soon 
as time and means are attainable he will publish 
and edit a large sized and well filled religious, 
non-sectional, non-sectarian, non-partizan monthly 
magazine to be called Tkc Advocate of Missw?is^ 
and prominence to the Redemption of Africa by 
her American children and the co-operation of their 
friends given in every number, and sell it low, so 
as to give it a very extensive circulation in this 
and other countries, and invoke the earnest sup- 
port of all good people. The universal Church, 
Masonry, Odd Fellowship, all other benevolent in- 
stitutions, patriots, philanthropists and humanita- 
rians should unite for the accomplishment of this 

3,7 



great plan of redemptiou of a large part of onr com- 
mon brotherhood. The laws of restitution and 
self-protection also demand its success. Above all., 
God's favors will be obtained by this humane and 
combined effort. The former editions of this pam- 
phlet were protected by "Copy Right," which is 
now claimed, and a renewal asked for, and a wide 
circulation is now desired. Only a short time ago 
it was reported that a mass meeting of the popula- 
tion of Washington negroes, held at the capitol, 
passed incendiary resolutions ; and many other evi- 
dences of a race conflict are reported weekly in 
other localities. Another reason for a separation : 
Some large towns in our State have sprung up rap- 
idly and occupied almost exclusively by white citi- 
zens who claim this as an advantage. Seeing a 
letter from "Bill Arp" in the News and Observer, 
of Raleigh, N. C, and as it proves some of the posi- 
tions taken in this pamphlet, I take the liberty of 
reproducing it, though a part of it has no reference 
to the subject in hand, unless it proves that finan- 
cial has taken the place of African slavery : 

BILL ARP'S LETTER. 

A little scrap from The New York World put me to think- 
ing. A certain Englishman named Hobson lectured Sunday 
night in Philadelphia on ethics and asked if it was right to ac- 
cept charity from ill-gotten gains or from such men as Carnegie, 
Rockefeller and Rhodes, who made their fortunes by monopo- 
lies and trusts and crushing out the small dealers. 

The editor of the World answers, "if charity money is to be 
scanned and disinfected where shall the process stop ? Shall 

38 



"we boyccftt Faneuil hall, the craale of liherly, because it wa» 
built from the profits, the blood money of Peter Faneuil's 
slaves ? 'The Jolly Bachelor' and from his slave trade and sell- 
ing beads and watered rum to the Indians ? These were the 
bases of many New England fortunes now being used for gener- 
ous purposes. We are inclined to say let charity have what it 
can get. The more sinful the channel through which fortunes 
have come the better it is that it should now be diverted to good 
uses. Luther said it was folly to let the devil have all the good 
tunes. That is good doctrine." "God sent it, but the devil 
brought it," has good foundation. But I didn't know that the 
cradle of American liberty was built with money made in the 
cradle of American slavery. Appleton says that prior to 1776 
New England had brought from Africa over 300,000 slaves and 
«old them further South, and for a while they were in such de- 
mand that the negro traders in Massachusetts seized and sold 
the young Indians who strayed too far from their wigwams and 
they actually stole and carried away and sold the son of King 
Philip, an Indian chief, who was at peace with the whites. But 
what would not a people do who would burn or drown women 
as witches as they did at Salem ? 

My friend from Oregon seems anxious to handle my book 
and sell it, but insists that I shall make more proof that General 
Grant was a slave owner and hired them out until the surrender. 
I referred him to Grant's biography, written by General James 
Grant Wilson, who was chosen by Grant to write it. If his peo- 
ple will not believe him, neither would they believe if one rose 
from the dead. The trouble is that most of his people are either 
foreigners or of foreign birth and don't know anything of Ameri- 
can history. The truth is our own people are profoundly igno- 
rant of the history of their fathers and forefathers. Not one in 
a hundred know that Georgia was the first State that prohibited 
the African slave trade. Pennsylvania sold negro slaves at 
sheriff's sales as late as 1843. New England abolished slavery 
long before, but continued the importation from Africa on the 
sly until 1861. Our people bought them because they were 
profitable in the cotton fields and in the culture of rice and 
sugar cane. For twenty years before the war our best people 
wished to abolish slavery, not as an act of humanity, but be- 

39 



c&aise tiie)' were increasing so fast and were in the way of poor 
■Vvhite men and were demoralizing to the sons of the rich and 
their amalgamation with the whites was a visible curse in manjr 
families. And so Joseph Henry I,umpkin', our chief justice, 
began a correspondence with Henry Clay about his scheme of 
gradual emancipation. My father and many others co-operated 
with the plan, but the malignant threats of the Abolitionists 
smothered it in its birth. The other day I had a social call from 
3ome Northern gentlemen and as the subject of war incidentallj 
came up a solid veteran happened to- mention something about 
Fremont, and said he knew him very well, for he was the first 
man he ever voted for and that he served under him during the 
war. "Well," said I, "do you know where he was born? No, 
he did not — up North somewhere. "No, "^ said I. "He was a 
Georgian— born in Savannah, educated in Charleston. His- 
father was a Frenchman, his mother a Virginia lady. The boy 
was a fine scholar, but unruly and disobedient. Became a tutor 
in mathematics, was appointed a lieutenant of engineers and 
with Nicholas Nicolet made a topographical sur%'ey of Cherokee, 
Georgia, in 1838, the first that ever was made." 

My Northern friend was amazed. No, we don't know very 
much until we get too old to make our knowledge useful. Fre- 
mont was a very remarkable man. As an explorer he never had 
an equal on this continent, not even Lewis and Clark, nor Kear- 
ney compassed half the territory nor endured half the perils 
that he did. When his men died or deserted him he got more. 
When his Indian guides refused to go further he went on with- 
out them. He was called Pathfinder because he found new 
paths. He was too restless to wait for orders, but, like Andrew 
Jackson, just went ahead. He ascended the highest peak of the 
Rocky Mountains. It is named Fremont's peak and is 15,500 
feet high. He quarreled with Phil Kearney and Kearney had 
him arrested and sent to Washington, where he was tried and 
found guilty, but President Polk pardoned him. Soon after 
this numerous friends began to groom him as a candidate for 
President. He accepted on the Abolition platform and was 
beaten. When our civil war came on he was made a brigadier 
general and put in charge of the Missouri territory. One of his 
first acts was to abolish slavery in that State. This made Gen- 

40 



eral Grant mad and everybody else- who lived there and o\vne<l 
slaves, so he was reported to Mr. Lincoln, who annnlled his proc- 
lamation and ordered him to Washington. He was offered other 
commands, but refused them and retired from active service. 
After the war he concluded to build a railroad from Texarkana 
to El Paso and got the State of Texas to give him a liberal grant 
of land along the entire route of Soo miles. He went to Paris 
with this grant and agreed to come back and issue bonds on it 
and get the United States government to indorse the bonds. He 
got the money and built the road, but failed to get the United 
States government to indorse the bonds. The French bond- 
holders never found this o>it until their money was all spent. 
Then they had him arrested and bound over to court to be tried 
for the fraud. When the court came on he did not appear, but 
forfeited his bond. How it was finally settled the record does 
not tell. He was a wonderful man and never got tired of the ex- 
citement that nourished him, and his wife stuck all the closer 
to him during his trials. She was a wonderful woman, and was 
beloved and admired by all who knew her. Chauncey Depew 
said he knew of one school where twenty-seven girls were 
named for her. 

On the whole I am obliged to admire Fremont's character 
and he was a Georgian. Bii-L Arp. 

The history of the Drcd Scott Case, taken from 
the Springfield, Mo., Dispatch, is also added for the 
information of the reader : 

THE DRED SCOTT CASE. 

"A former owner of the famous slave, Dred Scott, died yes- 
terday in the person of Mrs. Irene vSanford, widow of Dr. C. C. 
Chaffee, a prominent resident of this city. Mrs. Chaffee was 
SS years old. She was of a prominent Virginia family. 

Her first husband, Dr. John Emerson, a surgeon of the regu- 
lar army, bought Dred Scott at the negro's earnest solicitation 
because his former master had whipped him for gambling. Dr. 
Emerson owned no other slaves, but used to employ Scutt 
about his office in St. Louis. Mrs. Chaffee, who was about to 

41 



move to this city, told Scott that he was practically free. Scott 
worked about St. Louis at odd jobs and found employment with 
a young lawyer who thought he saw an opportunity to make 
some money out of the man. The suit for Scott's freedom was 
brought in 1848 on the ground that he had become free when 
he went to free territory north of the Missouri line. The law- 
yer hoped to secure the wages of Scott for 14 years during which 
he claimed he had really been free. These would amount to 
some $1,700 and Scott had between $200 and $300 saved. The 
case went against the estate in the local court at St. Louis, pre- 
vious decisions in the Missouri courts having been that a slave 
was freed upon being taken into a free State. It was then ap- 
pealed to the Supreme Court where, in 1S52, the decision of the 
lower court was reversed. 

The importance of the point in dispute was then understood, 
and it was fought throughout the United States Circuit Court 
and in the Supreme Court at Washington, in both of which the 
decision of the State Supreme Court was upheld. The decision 
of the United States Supreme Court, given just before the in- 
auguration of President Buchanan in 1857, startled the country 
by asserting that a negro, free or slave, had no rights before the 
law, and by virtually annulling the Missouri compromise by 
the assertion that a slave owner could take his slave into any 
section of the United States he pleased. 

Immediately after the decision in the courts Mrs. Chaffee an- 
nounced the negro a free man." 

We also copy an extract from one of Mr. Lin- 
coln's speeches in a debate with Judge Douglass, 
says : " I have no purpose to introduce political 
and social equality between the white and black 
races. There is a physical difference between the 
two, which in my judgment, will probably forever 
forbid their living together upon footing of perfect 
equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity 
that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge 

42 



Dongla<-s, am in favcr of the race to which I belong 
having- the superiority. I have never said an\tliing 
to the contrary." This is in accord with tlie wil- 
lingness shown in his Hampton Roads meeting to 
pay for and colonize our late slaves for the benefit 
of both races and countries. Also a clipping from 
the North Carolina Christian /Idi'ocatc. Rev. Dr. 
Buckley's editorial says : 

AS SEEN BY A NORTHERN EDITOR. 

Dr. Buckley, editor of the Neiv york Chnslian Advocate, 
referring to the fact that the Seventh Day Adventists in Wash- 
ington City have recently established two distinct churches 
for the two races, with white and colored pastors, says : 

" This seems to have been the case everywhere where slavery 
of one race has existed, except where a verj' small number of 
either race attended with a large number of the other. 

" In the cities of the South before the war the whites and 
blacks occupied the same church building, and in many in- 
stances worshiped together. Those servants who were not 
detained by household duties in the morning of the Sabbath 
occupied the capacious side galleries, the white choir occupied 
the front. The colored people worshipped in the body of the 
church in the afternoon. The slave heard the gospel from the 
same lips as his master, and was much better instructed in 
Bible truth and Bible ethics than, as a rule, the freedmau is 
now. 

" The writer had charge of a church in the far South in ante- 
bellum times in which there was a large colored membership in 
connection \vith the white. On Sabbath morning there was a 
good representation of the blacks in the side galleries. They 
had a large choir of their own which sat at right angles with 
the white choir, and joined heartily in the choral service. A 
number of them used note books ; we do not say that in every 

43 



case they were right side-up, but some of them seemed really to 
understand the notes. 

" Once a month we administered the Communion to the col- 
ored members and baptized their children. We married a num- 
ber of them, and any failure to observe the legal requirements 
of matrimony was made the subject of discipline. Every two 
weeks we met their leaders, who reported any cases of moral 
delinquincy or any departures from Christian consistency 
among those under their special charge. 

" These colored members contributed several hundred dol- 
lars annually to the support of the church. They did it with- 
out solicitation, and would have considered themselves insulted 
had they not been allowed to do it. Many of them had the 
opportunity weekly to make a little money for themselves, and 
as they were at no personal or household expense it was clear 
gain, and they dispensed it ireely. 

" A number of them could read and write. The law, indeed, 
prohibited instruction in these rudimentary branches, but it 
was largely a dead letter. In many homes the mistress or older 
children taught the servants. The writer has in his possession 
several letters received from colored members of his charge 
after he left, which he prizes among the most precious souv- 
enirs of his ministry. 

"We mention these facts not in vindication of slavery, which 
we all rejoice is abolished, but as an honest statement of cir- 
cumstances with which our Northern brethren are not familiar, 
and which show that African servitude at the South had some 
redeeming features." 

We only wish to add by way of comment on the foregoing, 
that when the leaders North begin to take a rational, and not 
an altogether sentimental view of the situation, there will be 
far better hope of the happy and successful solution of the race 
problem. 

If the Abolitionists and Secessionists could have, 
like Abraham and Lot, aorreed to go their respective 
ways in the land and acknowledged that — 

44 



"' FOR WK BK HRETHRKN " 

A vast amount of vital force, wealth and domestic 
peace would have been preserved, and the negro 
problem would have been settled long ago. But as 
they did not take the wiser and better course, and 
as the whole South has received ample punishment, 
and made fidl and perfeU resliiulion^ now, after 
so many years of hardship, suffering and persecu- 
tion should be reinstated in all the advantages of a 
great and righteous government. And the pros- 
pects of converting Africa to Christianity is far 
more promising than that of India or China ; and 
nearer home. 

Some favor colonization in a part of this or ad- 
joining governments. But that would only pro- 
duce delay and invite a fsilure. For it would re- 
quire a Chinese wall and a standing armv to pre- 
vent the whites or adjoining races from selling 
them enough rum, whiskey, tobacco, cards, and 
other damaging articles to ruin them by producing 
or continuing idleness, dissipation, prodigality and 
ludeness, and like the Irdians, they would grad- 
ually be absorbed — all of which may be prevented 
by aiding them to go gradually and peaceably to 
Liberia — a Republic already formed, tried, and no 
longer an experiment ; but a success, though some 
have taught otherwise. 

45 



WILL THEY GO ? 

A Coloi'ed National Emigration and Commercial 
Convention was called to meet at Montgomery, Ala.^, 
June 24, 1903 — -signed by Bishops L- H. Holsey 
and H. M. Turner, and eleven others of the most 
prominent leaders of the race in the South, with 
headquarters at Atlanta, Ga., to buy and run a ship 
to Liberia for colonization and shipping purposes. 
They say they must go, can't stay here, etc. Twenty 
years ago one of the officers of the American Col- 
onization Society wrote me they had half million 
standing applications to be sent to Liberia. But 
misrepresentations as to the labors of the society 
they could send only a few each year. 

The migratory disposition of the colored people 
show a state of unrest among them, and the remedy 
for this is a permanent home in Africa where no 
collision with another race can harm them. The 
Boers will emigrate to this continent, and event- 
ually the negro race will own and control that con- 
tinent. 

THEY WILL GO ! 

The following clipping from The Statesville 
Landmark of October 2nd, a Tacoma, Washington, 
dispatch to the Baltimore Sun^ says : 

Leigh S. J. Hunt, a millionaire mining operator in Korea, 
formerly a resident of this State, and Booker T. Washington 
have joined hands in a negro colonization undertaking. Details 
of their plans are supplied in letters received recently by friends 
of Hunt. 

46 



The general scope o\ the project includes Ihe reclamation 6i 
■several hundred thousand acres tributary to the River Nile, in 
■the Soudan, Africa, and the cultivation of these lands hy ne- 
groes who are to be taken from the United States. 

Mr. Hunt is now at a watering place in Germany. In Octo- 
ber he expects to meet Booker Washington in Africa, probalily 
■at Cairo, Egypt. Together they are to perfect plans for the 
colonization of thousands of negroes. Preliminary details were 
discussed at a meeting held in New York last month before Mr. 
Hunt sailed for Europe. 

Following the panic of 1S93 Mr. Hunt lost his fortune on 
Puget Sound. Later he went to Korea and secured a concession 
'xor developing gold mines, which have proved among the rich- 
est gold mines in the world. 



WILL THEV STAY ? 

Recently a few discontents returned and gave 
doleful accounts of Liberia. 

If six hundred thousand of God's chosen people, 
after a most miraculous escape from a most cruel 
bondage, should long to return to the flesh pots of 
Egypt, It is natural for some of every exodus to 
desire to do the same, especially the faint-hearted, 
indolent and improvident. 

"With suitable aid and protection, a vast majority 
will go and stay. But the aged, infirm, and help- 
less who prefer to remain here will be cared for by 
public and private charity by the decendants of 
their former owners, for their former service and 
remaining attachments. 

47 



A WHITE MAN^S COLONY. 

The Baltitnore Sun^ says : 

An incorporated company has purchased a large tract of lan(i 
in Alabama on which an interesting experiment is to be made, 
A colony is to be established and into that colony a black or a 
yellow face will not be admitted. Land will be sold to settlers, 
but the sale will be coupled with the condition that no negro- 
shall be employed as workman or servant, or permitted to pur- 
chase any part of it. The land of this white man's colony is 
said to be a fertile tract half as large as the State of Rhode 
Island, lying in Baldwin county, Alabama, within the "Black 
Belt" of the South. It is the theory of the promoters of this 
scheme that the presence of the negro in the South excludes 
the best class of white labor, which will not come to work side 
by side with the black man. This colonization scheme is, there- 
fore, an interesting experiment. If it is found that white labor 
can do the field work so near the Gulf of Mexico, if the colony 
prospers without negroes better than adjoining communities do 
with the negro labor, then the theory of the promoters of the 
colony will be justified. While the great Western and North- 
western prairies were being peopled with the very best blood 
of the New England and Middle States, and splendid States 
were being formed and admitted to the Union, none of this 
tide of emigration touched the South, and it was the negro 
largely that kept it away. Today there is room for a 
far greater population in the Southern States than they contain. 
There are not enough people to till the soil as it should be tilled 
and the land would be greatly benefitted by an influx of good, 
white citizens. The white man's colony in Alabama, will be 
watched with interest. 

By common consent, let this colony be enlarged 
to take in our entire nation ; and one equal to it be 
made in Western Africa, including Liberia, by the 
good people of the United States, and not allow a 
white man to own an acre of land or cast a political 

48 



vote in it ! All this may be done, gradually and 
peacefully, within twenty-five years to the best in- 
terest of both races and all countries. 

LABOR. 

As to their labor, it is not " the cheapest in the 
world," as some say it is, but — if so — no race of 
people can afford at any price to have domestics in 
and about their homes, whose environments are 
such as to make it impossible under any circum- 
stances to become equals, socially or otherwise. 

A VERY GRAVE CONDITION. 

The following is taken from the Charlotte 
Observer: 

There are foul recitals in almost every day's papers of the 
currency of the nameless crime. There were two yesterday 
morning from our own State — one from Iredell, the other from 
Edgecombe. There seems to be some evil influence in the air, 
and the over-stepping of the death mark by negro men grows 
in frequency. What is the matter ? This is by far the gravest 
phase of the negro problem and calls for the best thought of 
the well balanced, conservative white men of the South. It is 
perfectly clear that, notwithstanding argument and protest, 
lynching for this crime will continue as long as the crime does; 
that the violator will expiate his offence at the nearest tree or 
lamp post. But lynch law does not abate the crime, which 
rather appears to increase as the certainty and severity of the 
punishment meted out for it increases. It has reached that 
point that no unprotected woman can be said to be safe, and 
the menace to the women of the rural districts is increasingly 
great. Crimes and casualties in certain forms go, as we all 
know, in waves or by cycles. Let it be hoped that this par- 
ticular offence against the law and against civilization will soon 

49 



complete its cycle, for it is a continuing threat against tlie peace 
of society, which can never be at rest until our women are as 
safe in their homes as were the women of Arcadia anywhere in 
its boundaries. 

The case alluded to in the quotation in the Odscrver 
occurred a short while ago in Iredell, and the pris- 
oner could have been charged with /our (4) viola- 
tions of the law in one hour. Two for criminal as- 
sault, and murder of a woman; for felony, and carry- 
ing concealed weapons (he was executed). Two 
other prisoners were tried also at that court for mur- 
der ; besides many other negroes for other offences. 
Tkey run 02ir coiirtsf When will the hallucination, 
'■''that if left alone we can mar age the negro and 
keep him among us" be dissipated? The remedy 
for all these evils is in this Key to the Problein. 

The following is a clipping from the Salisbury 
(N. C.) Su7i of August 29, 1903. 

Bishop Morrison, of Louisville, Kentucky, who is presiding 
at the annual conference of the M. E. church of Helena, Mon- 
tana, discusses the lynching question and gives his views as to 
the solution of race difficulties. Says the Bishop : 

" I hold the same views as are held by Bishops Turner and 
Halsey, able members of the African Methodist Church. Bishop 
Turner maintains that it was by the providence of God that the 
negro was brought over as a slave, emancipated and Christian- 
ized, and that it is the providence of God that he be returned to 
his native land to aid in the development and teaching of his 
own race. I think he is right." 

The only trouble with this solution (which is by no means an 
original view) is that it is impracticable. Bishop Morrison will 
have to take another pass at the question. 

50 



" Impracticable ! " This is the arfrnmcnt of all 
who had not given the whole subject a careful 
study. If the Revolutionists of 1776 could conduct 
a war of seven years, successfully without a cur- 
rency ; and this nation make war upon Spain, con- 
quer her; set Cuba upon her feet, with a Republi- 
can government successfully, and subdue the Phil- 
ippines, give them free schools and an improved 
currency, all after the greatest bond-issue and 
gold-basis, contracted currency, and greatest panic 
of its history, and immerge in prosperity — in a de- 
cade — she can transport the negroes ; and private 
citizens will do the balance in a quarter of a cen- 
tury. 

SHORT SHIFT FOR ROANOKE NEGRO. 

Following clipping is a dispatch from Roanoke, 
Va., in the Statesville Landmark of Feb. i6th, 
1904: 

Henry Williams, a burly negro, who, at noon on January 
30th last, entered the home of George J. Shields, a well known 
business man and outraged Mrs. Shields and then murderously 
assaulted her and her three-year-old daughter with a hatchet, 
razor and pocket knife and left them for dead, today was sen- 
tenced by Judge Woods in the Corporation Court to be hanged 
March i8th next. 

After hacking and fracturing the skulls of his nctims with a 
hatchet, Williams cut Mrs. Shields' throat from ear to ear with 
a razor and locked her in a clothes closet. He escaped to the 
coal fields, where he was captured last Wednesday. A reward 
of |2,ooo had been offered for his capture. He confessed the 
crime and on Friday was rushed across the State of Virginia on 

51 



a special train to Richmond for safe keeping. Yesterday a spe- 
cial grand jury indicted him for felonious assault and robbery. 
He was brought here today on a special train accompanied by 
500 Richmond soldiers and another special train bearing 300 
soldiers preceded that which bore Williams. He was hurried 
to the court house under the protection of eighteen military 
companies and was tried on the charge of felonious assault, 
which is a hanging crime in this State. Besides a military 
guard, the court officers, the witnesses, the jury and representa- 
tives of the press, no one was admitted to the court room. The 
streets for several blocks around the jail were filled with sol- 
diers, who prevented any approach to the court house build- 
ings. 

The prisoner, who already had made several confessions, 
pleaded " not guilty " but made no defense. The bloody razor 
was introduced in evidence by the Commonwealth. To save 
Mrs. Shields' humiliation she was not brought into court 
and the details of the crime were not rehearsed. The jury was 
out five minutes and within another five minutes Judge Woods 
had passed the death sentence on the negro and ordered that he 
be removed at once to Lynchburg for safe keeping until the 
day set for his execution, when he will be brought here and 
hanged. 

HOME. 
A home without peace is pandimonium! A na- 
tion is only a home enlarged ! National prosperity 
is founded on domestic tranquility ! To avert an- 
other '"Hmpending crisis,'''' this booklet is sent forth 
to every home. General Sherman said, War was 
Hell, ! Those who have had the most experience 
in it will vouch for the truthfulness of the assertion. 
Therefore, all old soldiers, their widows and or- 
phans are especially requested to sell this booklet. 
They shall have the right-of-way, and be waited on 
first. Our good women should help to sell it as 

52 



they are the greatest sufferers in every conflict! 
The most needy of all classes should lend a helping 
hand and the well-to-do should buy copies in large 
numbers to send to their friends, and give others 
who may not be able to obtain them otherwise. 
All orders to the amount of five dollars, accompa- 
nied with the cash, in bank check, postoffice order, 
registered letter or draft on express company, will 
be discounted 40 per cent. The express or freight 
on same will be paid by me or my publishing agent 
€t tha office of shipment. 

A PROPOSITION. 

If this production is not a key to unlock and 
ventilate the most serious and important problem 
that ever confronted any nation of the civilized 
world, its author will rejoice to see a better and 
sufficient remedy for its solution, and will gladly 
adopt it as a compromise. 

To settle national troubles, citizens of Massachu> 
setts first favored the right of secession by asking 
Congress to dissolve the Union, and South Carolina 
carried out the idea, and followed by ten other 
States ; and recently our government acknowledges 
the right, by aid furnished Panama, after seceeding 
from the Colombian government ! Vet with all 
this^ secession and war are not the way to settle 
national or State difficulties ! Every Republic 
should have a court of arbitration to compromise 
their difficulties, and also to adjust such as arise 
with other countries. 

53 



If secession was a reserved right of the original 
thirteen Colonies (by withdrawing from the com- 
pact or Union) said Union had no constitutional 
right to compel any one of the States by force of 
arms to remain in the Union or a dissolution by 
legislative action on the part of Congress — however 
unwise either act might have been. While we all 
know the old adage, "/« Union there is Strength,'*'' 
is true ; and all small Republics (as the South 
American governments show) find it impossible to 
cope with stiong monarchical countries by virtue 
of their armies and navies! Hence all Republican 
governments should have some other cohesive 
power more potent than that of the doctrine of 
'•'•Might is Right,'''' and our Bible is the only 
book on earth that gives such remedial knowl- 
edge, i. e., "To Do Justly, Love Mercy, and 
Walk Humbly Before God." 

The North first proposed secession, and the South 
put it in practice. Therefore the different sections, 
parties, classes, and individuals, all should unite in 
bridging the bloody chasm, making restitution, and 
healing the bleeding wounds to give peace and 
happiness to all classes of every part of this great 
nation, and grand results to all other countries. 
Where is the individual so narrow, sordid and self- 
ish as to oppose a settlement of our national 
troubles because it costs money, without personal 
sacrifice ? FAITH, HOPE AND CHARITY ! 
Of these, the latter is greatest. 

54 



AGED NORTH CAROLINIAN DIKS IN NKW JHRSKY. 

Following is a New Brunswick, N. J., dispatch, 
clipped from the Landniark: 

Noah Raby died today in the Piscataway poor house, of 
■which he had been an inmate for the last forty years. If he had 
lived until April ist, next, according to his own statement, 
Raby would have been one hundred and thirty-two years old. 
He retained his memory and would recall many incidents of 
his long career until very recently. 

Raby is said to have been born in Eatontown, Gates county, 
N. C, on April i, 1772. He enlisted in the Navy in 1805 and 
served on the ship Constitution and the frigate Brandywine, on 
the latter of which Farragut was a lieutenant. 

Why was he not on the Government pension 
list ? Was it because of secession ? 
55 



SUPPLEMENT. 



OUR OPPORTUNITY. 

Colored National Emigration and Commer- 
cial Association. 



Its Purpose and Plans Explained, Together With Other 

Useful Information, by Rev. W. H. Heard, D. D., 

President, Former Minister, Resident and Con- 

sul-General to Liberia, West Africa, 



The object of this Association ; 

First — To charter and purchase ships to ply between this 
country and West Africa. 

Second — 'To afford an opportunity to the Negro to invest his 
money in a paying business. 

Third — To give an outlet to those who feel oppressed in this 
country by carrying them to Africa at a very cheap rate, taking 
them from some Southern point, for instance, Savannah, Ga., 
Charleston, S. C, Pensacola, Fla., or New Orleans, La., at a 
rate within reach of the most indigent ; charging not more than 
twenty-five or thirty dollars for the trip. Briefly we have stated 
the object of our Association, and now we propose to discuss 
these premises and make them so plain that they will answer 
most of the questions asked us daily. 

It is the purpose of this Association to charter a ship and 

56 



carry all who are ready to go to West Africa in the spring of 1904. 
There are hundreds who claim that they will be ready to pay 
their fare and sail from Savannah, Ga., early in March, and we 
purpose to be ready to carry them. Those who would go 
with us will get an advantage of a cheaper rate by becoming 
members of our National Association and taking stock in our 
ship line. One share of stock will cost but five dollars (Is.oo). 
A person owning five shares will be permitted to sail free if he 
transfers his stock to the company. Persons who do not desire 
to go to Africa will find this a paying investment. Our com- 
pany being chartered, it can sue and be sued, plead and implead; 
therefore no one can lose a cent as long as the officers of this 
Association are worth the money invested. It is as safe invest- 
ment as any organization among Negroes in the world. Mem- 
bership fee is but one dollar ($1) to join and one dollar every 
four months thereafter. This is as cheap as any social organi- 
zation can be successfully operated. Those who are members 
of the Association will control it at all times, their votes will 
charter, purchase, hire or lease ships from time to time, as a 
majority may direct. This is no class institution, but all the 
members in good standing have the same rights and must re- 
ceive the same recognition. 

The business side of this organization is plain to all for there 
is no greater profit in any legitimate institution than in Rail- 
road and Steamship companies. The money can not be squan- 
dered as in many other investments, as the insurance assures 
against all damages, and our base of operation is not competitive, 
as so few vessels go to Africa now from America. The outlet to 
the oppressed Negro will benefit the whole race, those who go 
and those who stay. Those remaining behind, if they are 
thrifty and frugal will build for themselves homes and the op- 
portunity to possess greater estates of land, etc., making them- 
selves a necessity to the employer, thus the white people will 
be more humane for fear of losing the best laborers on the 
American soil, and further, the opportunity will always be 
open to go to climes more congenial. So those who remain 
will be benefited as well as those who go. But those who feel 
that they have been brutalized long enough and are ready to fly 
from the hand of the assassinator or from the blazing torch of 

57 



the lyncher will have the greatest opportunity of so doing, as 
the rates will be so cheap that any person who will work can 
pay his passage. Then Liberia holds out the greatest induce- 
ments to the Southorn Negro ever offered to any people upon 
God's green earth. She gives every man of family twenty-five 
acres of the best land under the sun and a deed to the same. 

Every single man or grown up woman receives fifteen acres 
of land as a free gift. This land will produce corn, cotton, 
potatoes, peas, beans, cabbage, edowes, cassava, sugarcane, 
yams, coffee and ginger. The planting season is in April. The 
gathering season is in February and March. But vegetables, 
corn, etc., produce two and three times per year, and there is 
no regular time for gathering and planting these products. 
The climate is healthier than in Mississippi and Arkansas. 
Chills and fever are not so prevalent as in these States. 

The social, political, educational and religious environments 
far surpass anything in America as far as the Negro is concern- 
ed. You associate with merchants, lawyers, doctors, diplomats, 
statesmen and ministers, whose characters will bear the scruti- 
ny of the most aesthetic. Your political rights are never ques- 
tioned, you vote and are voted for as the people deem you 
worthy. No discriminations on account of color, taxes or any 
condition. You are as free to act as the air you breathe. The 
man deprived of his political rights here feels like an uncaged 
bird there. 

The educational facilities are quite good, the free school sys- 
tem equals that of the Southern States. The colleges and Paro- 
chial Schools are very efficient and every boy and girl has an 
opportunity to be educated and education means something 
there, as you are called upon to exercise your talent in assisting 
in running this government, as well as in mercantile pursuits. 
Many of the leading men of this Republic are well educated 
and are men of renown, like Drs. Blyden, Gibson and Richard- 
son, also Honorables Barkley, King, Haynes, Johnson and 
others. 

The religious side of life is not neglected. Baptists, Meth- 
odists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Lutherans, all have flour- 
ishing churches and are doing successful religious work. It is a 

58 



pleasure to enjoy religious worship where there is no prejudice 
on account of color as you can in Liberia and West Africa. 
Those who contemplate going could sell your horses, wagons 
and cows. Mules might be carried, but it will cost as much to 
carry a mule as a man. All cotton goods are useful, but wfxjlen 
goods can be dispensed with, yet nothing need be thrown 
away. 

This Republic on the West Coast of Africa is four (4) de- 
grees above the Equator, running three hundred and sixty 
(360) miles along the coast north, and extending two hundred 
and fifty miles back in the interior. It is mountainous, there- 
fore very healthful for a tropical country. 

lyiberia, though as large as the State of Georgia, has but 
four counties, namely, Montserrata, Bassa, Sinoe and Maryland. 
These have each two senators in the Senate of the Republic 
elected for four years. 

The House of Representatives is composed of four represen- 
tatives from Montserrata county and three each from the other 
counties. They are elected and hold their seats for two years. 
The county government is a superintendent or (governor), 
sheriff, clerk of court, judge, probate judge, registrar of wills 
and deeds, county attorney, treasurer and school commissioner. 
The township government is almost similar to this, with subor- 
dinates to these county officers. 

The General Government has a president, vice-president, 
secretary of State, attorney general, secretary of treasury, secre- 
tary of interior, secretary of war and navy, postmaster general 
and commissioner of education with their subordinates, such as 
collector of customs, harbor masters, postmasters, mail carriers, 
native commissioners, etc. The revenue of the government is 
derived from postage, taxes and duty on imports. The imports 
are all dry goods, hardwares, machinery and eatables. The ex- 
ports are coffee, ginger, palm nuts, palm oil, pyas sava, etc. 

EMIGRANTS. 

Emigrants are voters immediately upon receiving a title to 
their land and that is always given as soon as the emigrant 
chooses. All Negroes holding a title to land and not allianced 

59 



to another government are voters and electors. None but Ne- 
groes vote and hold office in this Republic. Here is your op- 
portunity politically. The news has just reached us that dia- 
monds, rubies and sapphires have recently been found in Libe- 
ria, so you have an opportunity also commercially. Today, not 
tomorrow, as a hundred thousand Negroes are wanted. 

TIME OF SAII^ING CONTEMPLATED. 

It is the purpose of our Association to charter a ship and 
carry over a load of emigrants in March, 1904. Sailing from Sa- 
vannah, Ga., and at a cost of from ($25 to I30) twenty-five to 
thirty dollars per head, children over eight years I15.00 per 
head and under eight free. Freight at $5.00 per ton. Those 
who pay one dollar and join the Association and take five shares 
of ship stock at five dollars per share go free by signing their 
stock to the Association. This is the cheapest trip on record. 
Those who wish this trip should commence at once. 

HOW TO GO. 

It is cheaper to carry your household goods than it is to buy 
the same, but it would pay to take along bolts of calico, bleach- 
ing, unbleaching, homespun and cotton clothes in general. This 
information is sent in answer to all inquiries that I have receiv- 
ed along this line. The officers of our Association are — in part: 

W. H. Heard, D. D., President. 

Frank H. Warren, Esq., Vice-President. 

It. P. Lemon, Secretary. 

C. M. Manning, D. D., Supervisor and Agent. 

Hon. W. A. Pledger, Solicitor and Counsellor. 

Bishop H. M. Turner, D.D., LL.D., Treasurer and Chancel- 
lor. 

Dr. W. H. H. Butler, Eastern Manager. 

Rev. W. H. Darris, Traveling Agent and Lecturer. 



I concur with the within statements as published by Dr. 
Heard, in this explanation, having witnessed many of the oc- 
currences and observed the conditions in my African travels. I 
heartily commend the same. H. M. TURNER, Bishop, 

30 Young St. Atlanta, Ga. 

60 




"APPOMATTOX ■■ 



PEACE. 

(Extract from a poem read by Edwin Markham, 
in Metropolitan Temple, New York City, on Mon- 
day night, May i8, 1903.) 

" Let there be no battles ; field and flood 

Are sick of bright red blood. 

L,ay the sad swords asleep : 

They have their fearful memories to keep. 

These swords that in the dark of battle burned — 

Burned upward with insufferable light — 

Lay them asleep ; heroic rest is earned. 

And in their sleep will be a kinglier might 

Than ever flowered upon the front of fight. 

" And fold the flags ; they weary of the day 
Worn by their wild climb in the wind's wild way — 
Quiet the dauntless flags, 

Grown strangely old upon the smoking crags — 
Look, where they startle and leap ! 
Look, where they hollow and heap ! 
Tremulous, undulant banners, flared and thinned 
Living and dying momently in the wind ! 

*' And war's imperious bugles, let them rest — 
Bugles that cried through whirlwind their behest — 
Wild bugles that held council in the sky, 
They are weary of the curdling cry 
That tells men how to die. 

"And cannons worn out with their work of hell, 
The brief abrupt persuasion of the shell- 
Let the shrewd spider lock them one by one, 
With flimsy cables glancing in the sun ; 
And let the throstle, in their empty throats. 
Build his safe nest and spill his rippling notes." 

In the language of one of the greatest generals 
the world ever produced, we add — "LET US HAVE 

PEACE." 

61 



A TRUE STORY OF AN AFRICAN PRINCE 
IN A SOUTHERN HOME. 



(By the Author of this book, dr. j. f. foard.) 



From sacred and profane history we learn that, 
for unnumbered centuries all the fallen nations had 
become barbarous and idolatrous ; and in extermi- 
nating one another, pillage and death were the 
fruits of conquest, and the captives were slaughtered 
or reduced to slavery for domestic use, or sold and 
deported to other countries. Not that God sanc- 
tioned these acts because of their virtues, but as 
means of extermination. When America was dis- 
covered, England, Spain, Portugal, and other mod- 
ern nations were perpetuating African slavery by 
buying captive prisoners of war, and non-combat- 
ants stolen for the trade. About seventy-five years 
ago a slave-ship landed and sold a cargo in or near 
Charleston, S. C. Among the number was a son of 
a King of the Malays or Melis, of Central Africa. 
Not willing to become a slave and not knowing the 
English language, he ran away and lived in the 
forest and swamps, until he was captured near Wil- 
mington, N. C, and lodged in jail, and advertised 
and sold to General James Owen, at a large price. 

62 



While in prison, he covered the walls with the writ- 
ing of a language unknown to the scholars of the 
town, afterwards proved to be the Arabic. General 
Owen was a brother of one of our former governors 
by that name, bought him as a curiosity, who built 
for him a house on his lot near his mansion, sup- 
plied all his wants, and gave him the liberty of the 
city ; the only service he did during his natural life 
was to do shopping and carry messages for the 
family when needed ; giving him time for reading 
and study. Having been well educated in his na- 
tive language, soon adapted himself to the language 
and customs of the best i^eople around him, became 
a devout Christian and a member of the First Pres- 
byterian church with the Owen family, while he 
lived being called " Uncle Moro^^'' and highly re- 
spected by all of both races of the city and many 
visitors. 

In the fall of 1855, the writer was a lay-member 
of the North Carolina Conference of the I\I. E. 
Church, South, which met in Wilmington, and with 
others enjoyed the hospitality and kind attention of 
Miss Ellen Owen, daughter of Governor Owen, for 
nearly a week. When the name and history of the 
ex-Prince were discussed — Miss Ellen proposed 
sending for ^'^ Uncle Moroy He was received in her 
splendidly furnished parlor and introduced to each 
visitor ; by receiving the right hand of each one be- 
tween both of his and giving a hearty shake, after 
which, was seated among the guests. He was a 

63 



fine looking man, copper colored, though an Afri- 
can, well dressed, in a long black coat reaching be- 
low the knees, as worn by the nobility of foreign 
countries of his day ; sat very erect on' his chair, 
with both feet flat on the carpet, knees close to- 
gether, and his hands opened and resting on his 
legs. He conversed for a short while gracefully, 
after which, Miss Ellen handed him the family 
Bible and asked him to read a lesson in his native 
language. He announced the 23rd Psalm and 
read it, when I asked if he would kindly write 
it for me? he did so, and came with it for another 
interview. I was out visiting other friends and 
failed to see more of him, but the Psalm was writ- 
ten and left for me, which appears as written, with 
this communication. During the Conference, the 
late Charles F. Deems, D. D., then of the North 
Carolina Conference, and later pastor of the Church 
of The Strangers, of New York City, preached to a 
crowded house. He began by saying he had met 
" Old Uncle Mord''' on his way to church, and told 
him the text from which he was going to preach, 
and asked if he were going to preach from it, how 
he would treat the subject ? He gave him the di- 
visions and outlines of a sermon from it, and the 
Doctor said they agreed with his views and he 
would follow them ; which showed the African to 
be a theologian also. Later Miss Ellen Owen be- 
came the wife of the late Hon. Haywood Guion, 
and they lived in Charlotte, N. C, where I visited 

64 



them and learned of the death of the domesticated 
African Prince^ but failed to learn more of his life 
and history, which I have always regretted. His 
name in his native language was Omeroh. The 
following is the 23rd Psalm as written by the ex- 
Prince in his native language, accompanied by his 
likeness, kindly furnished by the Honorable A. M. 
Waddell and Mr. H. M. Foard, of Wilmington, N. 
C, with additional testimony as given. 

The old man died in 1864 and was buried in the 
family graveyard on the plantation of Gen. Owen, 
in Bladen county, N. C, and was said to have been 
a Free Mason in his native country. 

Author. 

Statesville, N. C, April 5, 1904. 



(23rd Psalm in Arabic as written by '* Uncle Moro," and given to the Author.) 

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" UNCLE MORO " 



54 W 



We are indebted to Rev. John Fox, D. D., Cor- 
responding Secretary of the American Bible House, 
New York City, for the cut from the manuscript 
furnished him of this 23rd Psalm. The following 
letter will explain itself : 

New York, n. Y., April 12, 1904. 
Dr. J. P. Foard, 

Statesville, N. C. 
Dear Dr, Foard : 

I send you, herewith, a copy of the translation of the manu- 
script. It is a little startling to find that "Uncle Moro" still re- 
tained a little weakness for Mohammed. 

The curious little square on the lower left-hand corner is a 
seal, but the meaning of it is not quite clear. 

The translation was made by Prof. R. D. Wilson, of the 
Princeton Theological Seminary — a very accomplished Semitic 
scholar and I am sure you could not have gotten it more accu- 
rately done. 

You will see from this which is the top and which is the bot- 
tom as the little square like this on the left hand corner. 

Very sincerely yours, 

John Fox. 

TRANSLATION. 

"In the name of God, the merciful and gracious. 
May God have mercy on the Prophet Mohammed. 
I am beginning to write this writing (manuscript) 
in the year 1855, in the month Nubah, in the 
eleventh day, Monday." 

Then follows the 23rd Psalm. 

Then follows: "I have sent forth this writing 
(manuscript) through Thy mercy which is named 
over me." 

67 



APR 30 1904 



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